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Fertility studiesAlmost all the studies of which we are awarre found an association between EMF exposure and negative effects on fertility.(click on the studies below for more details): Need help understanding the studies?... Male FertilityDesai NR, Kesari KK, Agarwal A.Pathophysiology of cell phone radiation: oxidative stress and carcinogenesis with focus on male reproductive system. 2009 Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2009 Oct 22;7(1):114. [Epub ahead of print]Hazardous health effects stemming from exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RF-EMW) emitted from cell phones have been reported in the literature. However, the cellular target of RF-EMW is still controversial. This review identifies the plasma membrane as a target of RF-EMW. In addition, the effects of RF-EMW on plasma membrane structures (i.e. NADH oxidase, phosphatidylserine, ornithine decarboxylase) and voltage-gated calcium channels are discussed. We explore the disturbance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism caused by RF-EMW and delineate NADH oxidase mediated ROS formation as playing a central role in oxidative stress (OS) due to cell phone radiation (with a focus on the male reproductive system). This review also addresses 1) the controversial effects of RF-EMW on mammalian cells and sperm DNA as well as its effect on apoptosis, 2) epidemiological, in vivo animal and in vitro studies on the effect of RF-EMW on male reproductive system, and 3) finally, exposure assessment and dosimetry by comp Otitoloju AA, Obe IA, Adewale OA, Otubanjo OA, Osunkalu VO. 2009 Preliminary Study on the Induction of Sperm Head Abnormalities in Mice, Mus musculus, Exposed to Radiofrequency Radiations from Global System for Mobile Communication Base Stations.Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, NigeriaThe exposure of male mice to radiofrequency radiations from mobile phone (GSM) base stations at a workplace complex and residential quarters caused 39.78 and 46.03%, respectively, in sperm head abnormalities compared to 2.13% in control group. Statistical analysis of sperm head abnormality score showed that there was a significant (p < 0.05) difference in occurrence of sperm head abnormalities in test animals. The major abnormalities observed were knobbed hook, pin-head and banana-shaped sperm head. The occurrence of the sperm head abnormalities was also found to be dose dependent. The implications of the observed increase occurrence of sperm head abnormalities on the reproductive health of humans living in close proximity to GSM base stations were discussed. PMID: 19816647 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Statistically significant changes were observed in the rapid progressive, slow progressive and no-motility categories of sperm movement. EMR exposure caused a subtle decrease in the rapid progressive and slow progressive sperm movement. It also caused an increase in the no-motility category of sperm movement. There was no statistically significant difference in the sperm concentration between two groups.These data suggest that EMR emitted by cellular phone influences human sperm motility. In addition to these acute adverse effects of EMR on sperm motility, long-term EMR exposure may lead to behavioral or structural changes of the male germ cell. These effects may be observed later in life, and they are to be investigated more seriously. Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RF-EMW) from cellular phones on human ejaculated semen: an in vitro pilot study.Agarwal A, Desai NR, Makker K, Varghese A, Mouradi R, Sabanegh E, Sharma R. 2008. Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio. Fertil Steril. 2008 Sep 18. [Epub ahead of print]Radiofrequency electromagnetic waves emitted from cell phones may lead to oxidative stress in human semen. Authors speculate that keeping the cell phone in a trouser pocket in talk mode may negatively affect spermatozoa and impair male fertility. In vitro effect of pulsed 900 MHz GSM radiation on mitochondrial membrane potential and motility of human spermatozoa. Falzone N, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa. Bioelectromagnetics. 2008 May; 29(4):268-76.Over time, the two kinematic parameters straight line velocity (VSL) and beat-cross frequency (BCF) were significantly impaired (P < 0.05) after the exposure at SAR 5.7 W/kg and no exposure by time interaction was present. I. Fejes a; Z. Zaacutevaczki a; J. Szoumlllodblacsi a; S. Koloszaacuter a; J. Daru a; L. Kovaacutecs a; A. Paacutel. 2005. IS THERE A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CELL PHONE USE AND SEMEN QUALITY? Andrology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Szeged, Hungry. Journal Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, Volume 51, Issue 5 September 2005 , pages 385 - 393.The duration of possession and the daily transmission time correlated negatively with the proportion of rapid progressive motile sperm (r = - 0.12 and r = - 0.19, respectively), and positively with the proportion of slow progressive motile sperm (r = 0.12 and r = 0.28, respectively). The low and high transmitter groups also differed in the proportion of rapid progressive motile sperm (48.7% vs. 40.6%). The prolonged use of cell phones may have negative effects on the sperm motility characteristics. Agarwal A, Deepinder F, Sharma RK, Ranga G, Li J. 2007. Effect of cell phone usage on semen analysis in men attending infertility clinic: an observational study. Reproductive Research Center, Glickman Urological Institute and Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, Fertil Steril. 2008 Jan;89(1):124-8. Epub 2007 May 4.
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